Conotoxin, delta-type, conserved site

Conotoxin, delta-type, conserved site(InterPro Protein Domain record)

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Conotoxin, delta-type, conserved site

InterPro Protein Domain record

description http://metadb.riken.jp/db/SciNetS_rib124i/prib124u1i

Cone snail toxins, conotoxins, are small peptides with disulphide connectivity,that target ion-channels or G-protein coupled receptors. Based on the numberand pattern of disulphide bonds and biological activities, conotoxins can beclassified into several families [<cite idref="PUB00016617"/>]. Omega and delta families of conotoxinshave a knottin or inhibitor cystine knot scaffold. The knottin scaffold is avery special disulphide through disulphide knot, in which the III-VI disulphidebond crosses the macrocycle formed by two other disulphide bonds (I-IV and II-V) and the interconnecting backbone segments, where I-VI indicates the sixcysteine residues starting from the N terminus.Conotoxins represent a unique arsenal of neuropharmacologically activepeptides that have been evolutionarily tailored to afford unprecedented andexquisite selectivity for a wide variety of ion-channel subtypes. The toxinsderived from cone snails are currently being investigated for the treatment ofchronic pain, epilepsy, cardiovascular diseases, psychiatric and movementdisorders, spasticity, cancer, stroke as well as an anesthetic agent. Severalpotential analgesic and anti-inflammatory peptides from conotoxin family havebeen identified and patented [<cite idref="PUB00016662"/>], [<cite idref="PUB00016620"/>]:<ul> <li> <taxon tax_id="6492">Conus magus</taxon> (Magus cone) (Magician's cone snail) omega-conotoxin MVIIa (Ziconotide) is used for the treatment of chronic pain.</li><li> <taxon tax_id="101291">Conus catus</taxon> (Cat cone) omega-conotoxin CVID is tested for treating severe morphine- resistant pain stress.</li><li> <taxon tax_id="6491">Conus geographus</taxon> (Geography cone) (Nubecula geographus) omega-conotoxin GVIA may exert antagonistic effects against beta-endorphin induced anti-nociception.</li> </ul> The cysteine arrangement [C-C-CC-C-C] is the same for omega and deltafamilies, but omega conotoxins are calcium channel blockers whereas deltaconotoxins delay the inactivation of sodium channels. The disulphidebonding network as well as specific amino acids in inter-cysteine loopsprovide specificity of conotoxin [<cite idref="PUB00016622"/>]. Two signature patterns were developedfor omega and delta conotoxin families. The patterns each include sixconserved cysteines thought to be important for the maintenance of thetertiary structure of the conotoxins. This entry represents the delta-conotoxins.

label http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label