<p>This entry represents the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor type-2, which has serine/threonion kinase activity (<db_xref db="EC" dbkey="2.7.11.30"/>) and uses magnesium or manganese as a cofactor. These proteins are the receptors for TGF-beta, a large family of growth and differentiation factors that mobilise complex signalling networks to regulate cellular differentiation, proliferation, motility, adhesion, and apoptosis [<cite idref="PUB00044617"/>]. On ligand binding, the type-2 TGF-beta receptor forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type-2 receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. </p><p>Defects in TGF-beta receptor type-2 are linked to several diseases, including hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer type 6 (HNPCC6) [<cite idref="PUB00044618"/>], oesophageal cancer [<cite idref="PUB00044619"/>], Loeys-Dietz syndrome types 1B (LDS1B) and 2B (LDS2B) [<cite idref="PUB00044620"/>], aortic aneurysm familial thoracic type 3 (AAT3), and Marfan syndrome type 2 (MFS2) [<cite idref="PUB00044621"/>].</p>